Step-by-Step Migration Guide: Transitioning from RSA to NIST ML-KEM

## Assessing Your Cryptographic Estate Before migrating to ML-KEM, engineering teams must map every instance where RSA or Diffie-Hellman key exchanges are utilized within internal and external microservices. ## Hybrid Certificate Deployment A direct switch can introduce compatibility hurdles. Deploying hybrid certificates—combining traditional algorithms with post-quantum key encapsulation—ensures backward compatibility while securing data against harvest-now, decrypt-later attacks. ## Execution Steps 1. Audit existing cryptographic libraries. 2. Integrate hybrid TLS parameters into load balancers and API gateways. 3. Monitor performance overhead and handshake latency.